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Introduction: Covid pandemic and post pandemic era has brought in many challenges. Employees and family members across locations were at risk. Monitoring the public health parameters, comparing the trend, analysing the reports to provide insights to leadership team was enormous job with challenge of manual tracking & reconciliation of data from often inconsistent dataset from the respective government maintained and approved websites. Objective(s): To develop and use one active, dynamic dashboard with public health parameters and trend analysis. This should facilitate business leaders, global health team and key stakeholders on decision making process. Other objective is to reduce manual efforts of OHP. Intervention(s): Innovation & Engineering team was involved. Options considered were Power BI, Tableau, Spotfire etc. MS Office Power BI was chosen. Introducing digital transformation in the process to automate the data extraction on one hand through API feed at predefined frequencies and subsequently a reconciliation dashboard ensured live data feed for each specific location of interest. Few important parameters (reopening triggers and risk-mitigationmeasures) monitored include trends at various locations, vaccine status, 14 days trajectory of covid situation, positivity rate, R factor, fatality rate, number of beds available etc. Result(s): Situation monitoring with summary of input- insights on one dashboard was highly impactful and useful to take decisions for Leadership team. Conclusion(s): Digital Visualization product is used to connect to all the necessary websites (India/State specific as well as WHO and others) and pull in live relevant data for a simple summary dashboard which was used extensively by the leadership team to keep track of evolving situations and making decisions as appropriate. Utilization of technology makes life easier by saving time, efforts, brought down the data gathering and reconciliation effort to zero. Health manager could focus on.
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Penicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by the fungus Penicillium marneffei or Talaromyces marneffei . Penicillosis is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients such as in HIV(AIDS). Herein, we present a case of penicilliosis in an oral cavity cancer patient who was admitted for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection at our hospital. A 50-year-old male patient operated on for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity who completed his adjuvant chemoradiation 2 months ago, presented to our hospital with dry cough for more than 3 weeks. His nasopharyngeal swab was positive for the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). During his hospital stay for SARS-CoV-2 infection, he was diagnosed with disseminated penicilliosis. The patient was treated with intravenous antifungals caspofungin and voriconazole. However, he succumbed to disseminated fungal sepsis. This case highlights the need to consider penicilliosis as a possible opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients such as cancer.
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Background: The differential influence and outcome of various risk factors on occurrence of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) during different COVID-19 peaks is underreported. Aim(s): To assess the impact and outcome of conventional risk factors, immunosuppressants and comorbidities on the risk of COVID-19 among AIRD patients during the first two COVID-19 peaks. Design(s): Prospective, non-interventional longitudinal cohort study. Method(s): This is a subset of the KRA COVID19 cohort undertaken during the initial wave of COVID-19 (W1) (Apr-Dec 2021);and the 2nd-wave (W2) (Jan-Aug 2021). Data collected included description of AIRD subsets, treatment characteristics, comorbidities and COVID-19 occurrence. Risk factors associated with mortality were analyzed. The incidence rate was compared with that of the general population in the same geographic region. Result(s): AIRD patients (n = 2969) had a higher incidence of COVID-19 in the W2 (7.1%) than in the W1 (1.7%) as compared to the general population (Government bulletin). Age (P < 0.01) and duration of AIRD (P < 0.001) influenced COVID-19 occurrence in W2 while major disease subsets and immunosuppressants including glucocorticoids did not. The W2 had lower HCQ usage (aRR-0.81) and comorbidities like hypertension (aRR-0.54) and pre-existing lung disease (aRR-0.38;0.19-0.75) compared to W1. Older age (aRR-1.11) and coexistent diabetes mellitus (aRR 6.74) were independent risk factors associated with mortality in W2. Conclusion(s): We report 1.7 times higher occurrence and no influence of major disease subsets or immunosuppressants including glucocorticoids on COVID 19. Age and diabetes were independent risk factors for mortality.
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India has faced many pandemic diseases like plague, swine flu, cholera, pneumonia, bird flu, etc., affecting the Indian economy. But COVID-19 is adversely affecting the country. To be specific Agriculture sector is most vulnerable to losses everywhere. Indian agriculture has not been very progressive as compared to other industries. Farmers don't get a reasonable price for their produce. Farmers here are illiterate and trick by money lenders, middle-man, traders, etc. Most of the margin of farmers taken by middle-men results in loss of farmers and customers getting the product at a high price. Also, there are fewer storage facilities, so they have to sell their produce immediately after harvesting. Considering the research region, i.e., Nasik District, where most of the farm produce like grapes, cereals and vegetables have harvesting season in this period. Due to lockdown in the country, as COVID hit here, there have been more significant losses to grapes and other farms produce like cereals and vegetables. Nasik, which is the region of my research, has around 6 lakh farmers, wherein I have taken a sample survey of 100 farmers, which comprise small, marginal, medium, and large farmers. There is a need for change in agricultural practices wherein farmers should adopt concepts like proper supply chain management, cold storage, processing in a farm of whichever produce is possible, Direct marketing, Private wholesale market, organized retailing. Cold storage and cooperative storage facilities can play a significant role in such a critical situation. The need for change in agricultural marketing and coping with such issues as COVID is of utmost importance. New innovative ideas can help to sustain farmers in such severe problems.
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Purpose: Several countries, such as South Africa and India, believe that intellectual property rights (IPRs), including patents, impede the efficient increase in vaccine production to inoculate the global population as they scramble to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Their proposal at the World Trade Organization (WTO) to waive these pharmaceutical patents has been met with resistance from a few developed countries, who believe that the abrogation of IPRs is unnecessary, even during a pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of a potential waiver of medical patents at the WTO versus the status quo of IPR laws in the global economy. Design/methodology/approach: This study examines key arguments from economic and moral standpoints regarding the provisions of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement and other related international agreements and their validity based on the premise of the internalisation of positive externalities posed by vaccines. Findings: The effectiveness of the TRIPS agreement in securing medical access is weak on account of the ability of profit-making multinationals to secure IP rights and on account of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multilateral agreement that supports patent evergreening and a period of protection on test data which challenges the access to medicines and the fundamental human right to health. Originality/value: This study examines international IPRs through the lens of human rights and proposes a new system that balances the two. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Discovering a vaccine with reliable and effective treatment for the new corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is indeed a long way off, and there seems to be a critical need to research additional viable medications that could save countless lives in the event of the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientists from all over the world are actively developing medical or anti-virus medications, which are safe and effective for COVID-19. The anti-viral drugs of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have proved to be an efficient inhibitory effect by preventing the binding of spike covid protein. The determination of a pharmaceutical structure using a topological index allows researchers to have a better understanding of the physiological as well as bio-organic properties of drugs. The goal of this study is to employ molecular graph theory to determine some graph-theoretic parameters related to the molecular graph of CQ and HCQ. In this paper, we present some resolvability parameters such as metric dimension (MD), edge metric dimension (EMD), fault-tolerant metric dimension (FTMD), and fault-tolerant edge metric dimension (FTEMD) of CQ and HCQ. We prove that these resolvability parameters for CQ and HCQ are bounded and constant. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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In this study an SIUQRD model for the Corona Virus pandemic in India has been discussed, the Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) have been fitted and the parameters have been estimated for the two successive waves that affected the country. The data has been taken from 30/01/2020 to 12/02/2021 for fitting the first wave and 13/02/2021 to 18/06/2021 for fitting the second wave. The value has been calculated for a span of 14 days towards the end of the second wave in absence of original data to analyze the pandemic situation for the next two weeks (19th June to 2nd July). Upon fitting the data for the two waves, the required model parameters are estimated. The study has further been extended to predict the number of cases for the same time period (19th June to 2nd July) using a machine learning model - Matern 5/2 GPR with satisfactory performance metrics. Finally, the original data during the two weeks is compared with the data predicted by the Matern 5/2 GPR model to check the performance of the model. This Matern 5/2 GPR model, to the best of our knowledge is being applied to predict the COVID-19 pandemic for the first time in India. © 2021 IEEE.
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Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a dangerous disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has quickly spread all around the world, becoming a global pandemic on 11th March 2020. Vaccines have been developed to prevent the spread of this disease and various researches are being conducted to find the cure too. Machine learning (ML) has shown to be useful in battling COVID-19 and various applications have been deployed to comprehend real-world events through the meticulous analysis of data. In this study, we perform a retrospective study of epidemiological parameters to predict the mortality among SARS-CoV-2 patients. The goal of this research is to find important predictive parameters that can indicate the patients who are at the highest risk of death. Supervised ensemble machine learning models were developed that included random forest, catboost, adaboost, gradient boost, extreme gradient boosting and light GBM (Gradient Boosting Machine) for the COVID-19 epidemiology dataset that was obtained from Mexico. Prior to creating the models, Pearson’s co-relation and mutual information analysis between various dependent and independent features were used to establish the strength of the association between features in the dataset. Extreme Gradient Boosting achieved the highest results with an accuracy of 96%. © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2021
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BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus has recently gained attention of the global community after it was first reported from Wuhan, China. It has been declared as global health emergency with implications to all people. Droplets of bodily fluids, such as saliva or mucus, from an infected person are dispersed in the air or on surfaces by coughing or sneezing and could be the main source for the further spread of infection. All healthcare professionals including Dental Surgeons should help to prevent transmission of this deadly virus. It's a virus affecting both human and animals and spreads from animals and person to person in close proximity, similar to other respiratory illnesses, such as the flu. This review article mainly highlights the types, epidemiology, transmission and addresses the implications of 2019 n-CoV from the health professionals perspective and discusses the necessary preventive precautions that should be strictly followed in a dental setup so as to prevent further spread of infection.
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COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious infection known to spread rapidly, leading to severe consequences and disasters. Health care workers are at higher risk of getting the infection, during the process of diagnosis and treatment of patients with the disease. Worldwide, a lot of health care workers have lost their lives because of COVID-19 infection. Managing the COVID-19 caseload is a real challenge to the health care system. For the diagnosis of COVID-19, both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs are obtained to detect viral RNA. (1). A nasopharyngeal swab is more sensitive due to higher viral load in nasal secretions than oral secretions, which is similar to that of Influenza (2). Taking nasopharyngeal swab is a real challenge to the health care workers and also is uncomfortable for the patient. It also exposes the health care workers to aerosols. Moreover, the scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a real burden to the health care system. © 2020, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.